Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) is a United States clearing house based in Chicago. It specialises in equity derivatives clearing, providing central counterparty (CCP) clearing and settlement services to 15 exchanges. Instruments include options, financial and commodity futures, security futures and securities lending transactions.
Like all clearing houses, the OCC acts as guarantor between clearing parties, ensuring that the obligations of the contracts it clears are fulfilled. It currently holds approximately $100 billion of collateral deposited by clearing members and moves billions of dollars a day. In 2016 cleared contract volume totaled 4.17 billion making it the fifth highest annual total in OCC's history.
As of 2011, OCC was the largest equity derivatives clearing organization in the United States and operates under the jurisdiction of both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Under its SEC jurisdiction, OCC clears transactions for put and call options on common stock and other equity issues, stock indexes, foreign currencies, interest rate composites and single-stock futures. As a registered Derivatives Clearing Organization (DCO) under CFTC jurisdiction and a designated SIFMU under the Dodd-Frank Act, OCC offer clearing and settlement services for transactions in futures and options on futures contracts. OCC, in conjunction with the U.S. Option Exchanges, fund an educational organization called the Options Industry Council (OIC). OIC is dedicated to helping individual investors, financial advisers and institutions understand the benefits and risks of exchange-listed options.
OCC is overseen by a clearing member dominated board of directors and operates as a financial market utility, receiving most of its revenue from clearing fees charged to its members.
Video Options Clearing Corporation
History
The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) was founded in 1973, initially as a clearinghouse for five listed markets for equity options. Prior to its establishment, and due to a great deal of encouragement from the SEC, the Chicago Board Options Exchange had its own clearing entity, the CBOE Clearing Corporation.
Clearing volumes have increased dramatically since its launch, reflecting the growing use of equity options. In October 2000, for example, the clearinghouse reported a clearing monthly volume record of 75.3 million contracts. In August 2011, OCC reported a record monthly volume of 550 million contracts. On August 8, 2011, Standard & Poor's lowered the ratings on clearing facilities including the OCC, to double-A-plus, one step below the coveted triple-A rating. OCC issued a statement in response to the downgrade, that included this quote from OCC's then- chairman and CEO Wayne P. Luthringshausen: "This rating change will have no negative impact on OCC's operations or our ability to meet our obligations to OCC's clearing members."
Also in 2011, Standard & Poor's and OCC announced a licensing agreement whereby OCC would clear over-the-counter (OTC) options based on the S&P 500. The deal marked the first time a clearing house would clear OTC options on S&P indexes. It also included the S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600. In July, 2012 the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) designated OCC as a Systemically Important Financial Market Utility (SIMFU) as a part of a part of the Dodd-Frank financial overhaul law. OCC officially received regulatory approvals to clear OTC equity index options in January 2014. The launch of the OTC S&P 500 equity index option clearing services is expected in the second quarter of 2014.
In September 2013, OCC filed to become compliant with the European Market Infrastructure Regulation, which will enable banks registered in the region to trade U.S. options without incurring higher capital costs for firms there who want to trade U.S. equity derivatives. This same month, OCC appointed Craig Donohue as Executive Chairman. In an interview with Crain's Magazine, Donohue considered himself a change agent in the industry and will continue to be at OCC. His role designated him to oversee a transition of Cahill's responsibilities to other OCC executives during the search; Chief Operating Officer Michael McClain, 46, took on the additional title of president as part of the transition.
On September 29, 2014, OCC and the U.S. options exchanges announced the adoption of new principles-based risk control standards. The new standards include price reasonability checks, drill-through protections, activity-based protections and kill-switch protections, pending regulatory approval. The reforms are designed to reduce the risk of errors or unintended activity that could cause or contribute to a financial loss to market participants and OCC. Also subject to regulatory approval, starting on June 30, 2016, OCC will impose an additional $.02 charge per contract side on clearing members for transactions that have been executed at exchanges that have not demonstrated compliance with the exchange risk control standards. OCC also announced a $39 million refund to clearing members and the dividend of approximately $17 million to Stockholder Exchanges to be dispersed in Q1 of 2016 along with OCC financial statements.
Maps Options Clearing Corporation
Leadership
Executives:
- Craig S. Donohue - Executive Chairman and CEO
- John P. Davidson - President and Chief Operating Officer
- Scot Warren - Chief Administrative Officer and Executive Vice President
- Jean Cawley - Special Adviser to the Executive Chairman and Executive Vice President
- John Fennell - Chief Risk Officer and Executive Vice President
- Jim Kustusch - Executive Vice President, Strategic Clearing Initiatives - Functionality
- Dale Michaels - Executive Vice President, Financial Risk Management
- Joe Adamczyk - Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President
- Dan Busby, Senior Vice President, Operations
- Chip Dempsey - Chief Commercial Officer and Senior Vice President
- David A. Hoag - Chief Information Officer and Senior Vice President
- Joseph Kamnik - Chief Regulatory Counsel and Senior Vice President
- Mark Morrison - Chief Security Officer and Senior Vice President
- Hugo Mugica - Chief Audit Executive and Senior Vice President
- Tracy Raben - Chief Human Resources Officer and Senior Vice President
- Amy C. Shelly - Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President
Participant exchanges and clearing members
OCC's participant exchanges include: BOX Options Exchange LLC, Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc., Cboe C2 Exchange, Inc., Cboe EDGX Exchange, Inc., Cboe Exchange, Inc., Miami International Securities Exchange, LLC, MIAX PEARL, LLC, Nasdaq GEMX, LLC, Nasdaq ISE, LLC, Nasdaq BX, Inc., Nasdaq MRX, LLC, Nasdaq PHLX, LLC, Nasdaq Options Market, LLC, NYSE American Options, LLC, and NYSE Arca, Inc. Its clearing members serve both professional traders and public customers and are approximately 115 of the largest U.S. broker-dealers, futures commission merchants and non-U.S. securities firms. OCC's goal is to service clearing members and the exchanges through an operating plan that emphasizes timely, reliable, and cost-efficient clearing operations.
OCC also serves other markets, including those trading commodity futures, commodity options, and security futures. OCC clears futures contracts traded on CBOE Futures Exchange, NYSE Liffe, NASDAQ OMX Futures Exchange and ELX Futures, as well as security futures contracts traded on OneChicago and options on futures contracts traded at NYSE Liffe US. In addition, OCC provides central counterparty services for two securities lending market structures, OCC's OTC Stock Loan Program and AQS, an automated marketplace for securities lending and borrowing.
OCC is also a sponsor of the Options Industry Council.
Margining
Key to a clearing organization is margin requirement, which manages its credit risk (risk of member default).
From the 1980s, the margining system was called known as TIMS (Theoretical Intermarket Margin System). In 2006, this system was replaced by a new system called STANS (System for Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulations).
OCC Annual Reports
- OCC 2016 Annual Report
- OCC 2015 Annual Report
- OCC 2014 Annual Report Winner-2016 FCS Portfolio Awards, Silver
- OCC 2013 Annual Report Winner-2014 Silver Trumpet in Golden Trumpet Awards
- OCC 2012 Annual Report Winner-2013 FCS Portfolio Awards, Gold-2013 Golden Trumpet Awards, Honorable Mention-2013 Ragan's PR Daily Awards
- OCC 2011 Annual Report Winner-2012 Ragan's PR Daily Awards
- OCC 2010 Annual Report
- OCC 2009 Annual Report Winner- 2010 FOW Best Innovation for a Clearing House
- OCC 2008 Annual Report
- OCC 2007 Annual Report Winner-2008 BMA Gold Tower Award
- OCC 2006 Annual Report Winner-2007 BMA Bronze Tower Award
- OCC 2005 Annual Report Winner-2006 BMA Bronze Tower Award
- OCC 2004 Annual Report
- OCC 2003 Annual Report
- OCC 2002 Annual Report
- OCC 2001 Annual Report
- OCC 2000 Annual Report
- OCC 1999 Annual Report
The Options Industry Council (OIC)
OIC is an industry resource funded and managed by OCC to provide unbiased education to individual investors, financial advisors, and institutional asset managers about the benefits and risks of using exchange-listed options as risk management solutions to gain market exposure and generate income. OIC hosts free options webinars, videos, podcasts and live events, distributes educational literature, maintains an informative website with access to timely and valuable educational content, and offers live help from options professionals who are knowledgeable experts on the use of exchange-listed options. OIC's Roundtable is the independent governing body of the Council and is composed of representatives from the U.S. options exchanges, member brokerage firms and OCC. In 2017, OIC celebrated its 25th anniversary as a worldwide, trusted investor resource for unbiased options education.
See also
- Securities market participants (United States)
References
External links
- Official OCC website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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